Tijan Dental Center
According to our open methodology, this clinic scored 62.2/100 for transparency, reputation, service accessibility, and digital visibility.
Overall rank: #13 of 22 ranked clinics · Last checked: 25 September 2026
62.2/100
Positions by Rating Profile
- Overall Transparency & Trust#1362.2/100
- Best for Expats#1260.5/100
- Best for Dental Implants#1156.5/100
- Best for Emergency Dental Care#561.5/100
- Best Price Transparency#1342/100
- Best English-speaking Clinicsnot ranked
- Best for Families / Childrennot ranked
- Sleep Dentistry (GA / deep sedation)not ranked
General Anaesthesia & Deep Sedation
Whether the clinic documents treatment under general anaesthesia or deep / twilight sedation — "sleep dentistry", where the patient is asleep and unaware (does not feel, see, or hear the procedure). Ordinary conscious sedation, where the patient stays awake and responsive, does not count here. This is informational and does not affect the transparency score.
- ? General anaesthesia / deep sedation (sleep dentistry) — Not verified
Summary
Tijan Dental Center in Farwaniya is a branch of the Tijan chain (founded 2006, also present in Salmiya, Fahaheel, Jahra, Sabah Al-Salem and Sharq), whose group site claims over 100 chain-wide dentists and 24-hour weekday service.
Staff-scale and hours claims are chain-wide figures from the group site (tijandental.com) rather than confirmed for the Farwaniya branch specifically. Checked 2026-09-02: tijandental.com publishes a separate medical-team page for each of its branches (Farwaniya, Salmiya, Sabah Al Salem, Fahaheel, Sharq, Jahra), so branch-level attribution is available and was used. The Farwaniya page also states the branch is open 24 hours Saturday to Thursday.
Strengths
- Information Transparency: 18 of 20 points.
- AI & Search Visibility: 8 of 10 points.
- No red flags identified in public sources.
Weaknesses
- Price Transparency: 0 of 15 verifiable points (missing: prices or price ranges published; cleaning price listed; filling price listed; crown price listed; implant price listed; consultation price listed; x-ray / imaging price listed)
Score Breakdown
Every criterion below is scored from public sources. ✓ verified yes · ✗ verified no / not found · ◐ partial · ? unverified (scores 0, not a negative finding).
Information Transparency
18 / 20
Whether basic facts about the clinic - its team, premises, services, and location - are publicly verifiable.
| ✓ | Has a working website [s2] | 4/4 |
| ✓ | Dentist names listed The chain publishes one team page per branch; the Farwaniya page names ten practitioners. [s9] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Dentist specializations listed Specialties stated per name: prosthetics, prosthetics and cosmetic, implants, orthodontics (two), endodontics, plus the branch medical director. [s9] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Real clinic photos Clinic-branded team photo published on the site [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-12] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Service list published [s2] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Clear contact details [s1] [s2] | 2/2 |
| ✗ | English website version Full sitemap has no /en/ path; pages declare lang="ar" [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-3] | 0/2 |
| ✓ | Address and map published Al Multaqa Tower, 1st floor, Habeeb Munawer Street, Farwaniya (Block 1, plot 3808 on the chain's branches page), pinned on the clinic's Google listing. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-22] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-23] [s1] | 2/2 |
Price Transparency
0 / 15
Whether patients can estimate costs before visiting. Published price ranges count; exact prices are not required.
| ✗ | Prices or price ranges published No price list or pricing page found on tijandental.com; the nav has no prices/fees/offers link (checked 2026-09-03). The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [s10] | 0/3 |
| ✗ | Cleaning price listed No price figures on any of the 219 pages in the site sitemap. The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-4] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Filling price listed No price figures on any of the 219 pages in the site sitemap. The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-4] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-13] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Crown price listed No price figures on any of the 219 pages in the site sitemap. The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-4] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-14] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Implant price listed No price figures on any of the 219 pages in the site sitemap. The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-15] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | Consultation price listed No price figures on any of the 219 pages in the site sitemap. The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-16] | 0/2 |
| ✗ | X-ray / imaging price listed No price figures on any of the 219 pages in the site sitemap. The clinic's Facebook page gives no prices either. [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-4] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-17] | 0/2 |
Reputation & Reviews
14.5 / 20
Public review signals. The Google rating is adjusted with a Bayesian prior (rating 4.0, weight 25) so a 5.0 from a handful of reviews does not outrank a 4.8 from hundreds.
| ◐ | Google rating (Bayesian-adjusted) as of 2026-09-25 [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-9] | 4/6 |
| ◐ | Google review volume as of 2026-09-25 [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-10] | 2.5/3 |
| ✓ | Review recency Newest review sorted by date on 2026-09-25 is dated 2026-09-16 (a week ago) [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-11] | 3/3 |
| ✓ | Clinic responds to reviews The owner has replied to 7 of the 8 reviews visible on the Reviews tab. Read on the Google Maps place page's Reviews tab on 2026-09-03. A newest-first sort could not be applied, so the sample is in Google's relevance order. [s3] | 2/2 |
| ✗ | No recurring complaints Three of the eight reviews visible in Google's relevance order are one- or two-star and name the same thing - how patients are treated at the chair and at the counter. A one-star (4 years) reads "One of the worst, you feel like you are in a market. Unfriendly dentists, unfriendly cashiers ... just dealing with patient like good, without explanation"; another (5 years) reads "The worst clinic in kuwait. Dentists are not friendly, abusing patients, not on the mood to work, the children dentist cannot deal with children"; a two-star (1 year) says the front-desk staff are kind but "they care about the money more than your satisfaction" after a payment dispute. A second, adjacent cluster is charging: a one-star (3 years) describes a scaling upsell ("appointment costs 15 kd and the scaling costs slightly extra"). Histogram 182/7/3/6/21 over 219, so the non-five-star tail is 17%. Read on the Google Maps place page's Reviews tab on 2026-09-03. A newest-first sort could not be applied, so the sample is in Google's relevance order. [s3] | 0/2 |
| ✓ | No suspicious review patterns Histogram 182/7/3/6/21 over 219 - sums exactly to the review count in the place header, and 980/219 = 4.475 reproduces the published 4.5. The 21 one-star and 6 two-star blocks stand unremoved, the eight visible reviews span 4 months to 5 years with no burst at Maps' month granularity, wording is individual and names different dentists (Dr. Real, Dr. Mohammed Ghanem), and reviewer accounts hold 2 to 38 reviews of their own. Read on the Google Maps place page's Reviews tab on 2026-09-03. A newest-first sort could not be applied, so the sample is in Google's relevance order. [s3] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Active Facebook presence Linked from the clinic site and its own JSON-LD [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-18] | 1/1 |
| ✗ | TripAdvisor presence No listing found; no link on the clinic’s own channels [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-7] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen] | 0/0.5 |
| ✗ | Other review platforms Its Hospital Examiner page is a directory entry with no reviews. No profile on WhatClinic, Dental Departures, Bookimed, HeliumDoc or Trustpilot (checked 2026-10-05). [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-platforms] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-24] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-25] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-26] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-27] [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-28] | 0/0.5 |
Medical Infrastructure
9.5 / 15
The range of publicly documented equipment and services. This measures documented availability, not clinical quality.
| ✓ | On-site X-ray Digital (3D) X-ray diagnosis described for root-canal care at the Farwaniya branch [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-8] | 2/2 |
| ? | CBCT (3D imaging) | 0/2 |
| ✓ | Implantology [s2] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Orthodontics clear aligners [s2] | 2/2 |
| ✓ | Oral surgery Extractions, wisdom-tooth removal and gum surgery listed [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-19] | 2/2 |
| ? | Pediatric dentistry | 0/1.5 |
| ✓ | Emergency care chain-wide claim of 24-hour Sat-Thu service and 24/7 customer service [s2] | 1.5/1.5 |
| ? | Works with international patients | 0/2 |
Communication & Service
6 / 10
How easy it is to contact the clinic, get answers, and book - especially for international patients.
| ✓ | WhatsApp / LINE available [s2] | 2/2 |
| ? | Response speed | 0/1.5 |
| ? | English spoken | 0/2.5 |
| ✓ | Pre-visit consultation possible Appointment form with date and branch selection [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-6] | 1.5/1.5 |
| ✓ | Clear service explanations Implants FAQ explains procedures in detail [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-20] | 1/1 |
| ✓ | Convenient opening hours chain-wide: Sat-Thu 24 hours, Fri 15:00-21:00 [s2] | 1.5/1.5 |
AI & Search Visibility
8 / 10
Whether the clinic is discoverable when patients search - including via AI assistants. Checked with fixed queries: "best dentist Kuwait", "English speaking dentist Kuwait", "dental implants Kuwait", "emergency dentist Kuwait", "Kuwait dental clinic for expats".
| ✓ | Mentioned for: best dentist Kuwait [s4] | 1/1 |
| ✓ | Mentioned for: English speaking dentist Kuwait [s5] | 1/1 |
| ✓ | Mentioned for: dental implants Kuwait [s6] | 1/1 |
| ✓ | Mentioned for: emergency dentist Kuwait [s7] | 1/1 |
| ✓ | Mentioned for: Kuwait dental clinic for expats [s8] | 1/1 |
| ✓ | Structured data on website Organization/HealthAndBeautyBusiness entity present [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-2] | 1.5/1.5 |
| ? | Google indexing quality | 0/2 |
| ✓ | Dedicated service pages Separate URL per service with real content [tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-5] | 1.5/1.5 |
Licensing & Credentials
Whether the clinic publishes its operating licence and the dentists working there together with their professional licence numbers. A verified “not published” is recorded as a red flag; data we have not checked yet is shown as unverified and carries no penalty.
Clinic operating licence: not checked against public sources yet — unverified, no penalty
Dentists & professional licences
| Dentist | Specialization | Licence No. |
|---|---|---|
| د. محمد ابو العيش (Dr. Mohammed Abu Al-Aish) [s9] | Branch Medical Director; Endodontics | not verified |
| د. رئال شراب (Dr. Rial Sharab) [s9] | Prosthetics | not verified |
| د. محمد قعدان (Dr. Mohammed Qaadan) [s9] | Prosthetics and Cosmetic Dentistry | not verified |
| د. احمد السقا (Dr. Ahmed Al-Saqqa) [s9] | Dentistry | not verified |
| د. محمد غانم (Dr. Mohammed Ghanem) [s9] | Dentistry | not verified |
| د. صفوت (Dr. Safwat) [s9] | Dental Implants | not verified |
| د. رامي (Dr. Rami) [s9] | Orthodontics | not verified |
| د. ثامر (Dr. Thamer) [s9] | Dentistry | not verified |
| د. ربيع صمايلي (Dr. Rabie Smaili) [s9] | Orthodontics | not verified |
Dentists are named; their licence numbers have not been checked against public sources yet — unverified, no penalty.
Red Flags
No red flags identified in the public sources we reviewed.
Data We Could Not Verify
- Medical Infrastructure: CBCT (3D imaging)
- Medical Infrastructure: Pediatric dentistry
- Medical Infrastructure: Works with international patients
- Communication & Service: Response speed
- Communication & Service: English spoken
- AI & Search Visibility: Google indexing quality
Unverified items score 0 points but are not treated as negative findings. If you can document any of them, please send a correction.
Contact Information
| Website | https://tijandental.com/ |
|---|---|
| Phone | +965 2225 1515 |
| Google Maps | Map listing |
| Address | Habeeb Munawer Street, Al Farwaniyah, Kuwait |
Contact details are provided for identification only and may change; verify with the clinic directly.
Sources
| ID | Source | What it supports | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| s1 | https://www.zavis.ai/kw/directory/farwaniya/dental | address, phone, directory-reported rating for the Farwaniya branch | 2026-09-02 |
| s2 | https://tijandental.com/ | chain founding (2006), branch list, phone, hours, services | 2026-09-02 |
| s3 | https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tijan+Dental+Center/@29.2818929,4… | Live Google Maps place listing, reopened on its Reviews tab 2026-09-03: rating 4.5 (219 reviews), star histogram and the eight most relevant reviews | 2026-09-03 |
| s4 | search:best dentist Farwaniya | AI/search visibility check 2026-09-02: appears in map-pack/organic/AI-overview results | 2026-09-02 |
| s5 | search:English speaking dentist Farwaniya | AI/search visibility check 2026-09-02: appears in map-pack/organic/AI-overview results | 2026-09-02 |
| s6 | search:dental implants Farwaniya | AI/search visibility check 2026-09-02: appears in map-pack/organic/AI-overview results | 2026-09-02 |
| s7 | search:emergency dentist Farwaniya | AI/search visibility check 2026-09-02: appears in map-pack/organic/AI-overview results | 2026-09-02 |
| s8 | search:Farwaniya dental clinic for expats | AI/search visibility check 2026-09-02: appears in map-pack/organic/AI-overview results | 2026-09-02 |
| s9 | https://tijandental.com/about-us/ferwaneya-team/ | Farwaniya branch team page: ten named practitioners with roles and specialties, branch opening hours (Sat–Thu 24 hours, Fri 15:00–21:00), and the chain’s per-branch facility licence numbers in the footer | 2026-09-02 |
| s10 | https://tijandental.com/ | Homepage and nav (Services/Branches/Staff/Blog/Contact, EN+AR) checked 2026-09-03: no price list, pricing page, or promotional pricing found. | 2026-09-03 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=7702100974719285577&hl=en | No tripadvisor.com reference found on any fetched tijandental.com page or in the Google listing | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-2 | https://tijandental.com/about-us/ | JSON-LD on the site declares @type Organization and HealthAndBeautyBusiness for the clinic, alongside WebSite/WebPage/Article page types | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-3 | https://tijandental.com/page-sitemap.xml | Sitemap lists ~30 pages (home, about-us, services, implants, appointments, team pages, branches); none under an English path; fetched pages declare <html lang="ar"> | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-4 | https://tijandental.com/services/ | All 219 pages listed in the site sitemap read on 2026-09-25 (services, implants FAQ, blog posts, team, appointment pages): services named, no price figure in KD anywhere | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-5 | https://tijandental.com/services/implants/ | Sitemap lists distinct pages per service (implants, clear aligners, orthodontics, cosmetic dentistry, crowns, root canal, fillings, cleaning/whitening, gum surgery), each with its own text | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-6 | https://tijandental.com/appointments/ | Appointments page form: name, phone, preferred date and a branch selector (Farwaniya, Salmiya, Sabah Al-Salem, Fahaheel, Sharq, Jahra), plus WhatsApp and phone booking | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-7 | https://www.tripadvisor.com/TypeAheadJson?action=API&query=Tijan%20… | TripAdvisor TypeAheadJson for "Tijan Dental Center" returns no dental-clinic result (only unrelated place names) | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-8 | https://tijandental.com/2025/10/21/%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%b9%… | Clinic post on root-canal treatment at its Farwaniya branch: "precise diagnosis using digital three-dimensional (3D) X-ray" | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-9 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=7702100974719285577&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-25: 4.5 from 228 reviews; histogram 5★ 191 / 4★ 7 / 3★ 3 / 2★ 6 / 1★ 21 | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-10 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=7702100974719285577&hl=en | Google listing 2026-09-25: rating 4.5 from 228 reviews, histogram sums to 228 | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-11 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=7702100974719285577&hl=en | Google listing, newest-first sort, 2026-09-25: newest review dated 2026-09-16 | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-12 | https://tijandental.com/about-us/ | "Tijan Family 2023" framed photo of a named staff member on the About Us page, not stock imagery | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-13 | https://tijandental.com/services/ | Services and implants pages list fillings by name only, no price | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-14 | https://tijandental.com/services/ | Crowns named on services/home pages with no price figure | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-15 | https://tijandental.com/services/implants/ | Dedicated implants FAQ page discusses same-day implants in detail with no price figure | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-16 | https://tijandental.com/appointments/ | Appointments page offers WhatsApp/phone/form booking with no consultation fee stated | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-17 | https://tijandental.com/services/ | No radiology item or price on the services pages read | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-18 | https://tijandental.com/about-us/ | Page JSON-LD sameAs lists "https://www.facebook.com/tijandental/"; og:article:publisher repeats the same URL | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-19 | https://tijandental.com/services/ | Services menu includes extractions, gum surgery; implants FAQ discusses wisdom tooth extraction | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-20 | https://tijandental.com/services/implants/ | FAQ answers explain same-day implants, bone grafting before implants, and what happens after tooth loss, not just a name list | 2026-09-25 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-21 | https://www.facebook.com/tijandental/ | Facebook page "TIJAN International Dental Center" (linked from tijandental.com; phone +965 2225 1515), read on 2026-09-30: the About section gives no prices, and the page has not posted since 2022-12-27; none of its 20 most recent posts gives a price | 2026-09-30 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-22 | https://www.google.com/maps?cid=7702100974719285577&hl=en | Google listing "Tijan Dental Center", managed by the business, read on 2026-09-30: Al Multaqa Tower, 1st floor, Habeeb Munawer Street, Al Farwaniyah, with its map pin; phone +965 2225 1515; website tijandental.com | 2026-09-30 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-23 | https://tijandental.com/about-us/branches/ | Branches page of the Tijan chain website, read on 2026-09-30: the Farwaniya branch at Block 1, plot 3808, first floor, with a link to its map location; the Salmiya branch at Block 3, plot 11169, building 5, fourth and fifth floors; four other branches with their addresses | 2026-09-30 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-platforms | https://hospitalexaminer.com/countries/kuwait/tijan-dental-center/ | Hospital Examiner, read 2026-10-02: page "Tijan Dental Center", Al Farwaniyah, phone +965 2225 1515, website tijandental.com; a directory page with a generic description of the clinic, no reviews ("0.0 out of 5 stars (based on 0 reviews)") and no sign that the clinic manages it | 2026-10-02 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-24 | https://www.whatclinic.com/dentists/kuwait | WhatClinic, read 2026-10-05: its Kuwait dentist catalogue (16 clinics shown of the 17 it declares) and its profile sitemap (16 Kuwait profiles) have no profile of this clinic, and a profile address under its name (kuwait/tijan-dental-center) returns "page not found" | 2026-10-05 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-25 | https://www.dentaldepartures.com/ | Dental Departures, read 2026-10-05: none of the 1,107 clinics its clinic search returns is in Kuwait | 2026-10-05 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-26 | https://bookimed.com/clinics/country=kuwait/ | Bookimed, read 2026-10-05: its Kuwait clinics page has been removed (HTTP 410), and Kuwait is not among the 53 countries of its clinic sitemaps | 2026-10-05 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-27 | https://www.heliumdoc.com/kw/sitemap-index.xml | HeliumDoc, read 2026-10-05: its Kuwait sitemap lists 8 clinic pages, none of them this clinic | 2026-10-05 |
| tijan-dental-center-farwaniya-deepen-28 | https://www.trustpilot.com/review/tijandental.com | Trustpilot, read 2026-10-05: no company page for tijandental.com | 2026-10-05 |
Change History
| Date | Change |
|---|---|
| 2026-10-05 | Other review platforms re-checked on 2026-10-05: the Hospital Examiner page cited before is a directory entry with no reviews, and no profile of the clinic was found on WhatClinic, Dental Departures, Bookimed, HeliumDoc or Trustpilot; changed from yes to no. |
| 2026-09-30 | Read the clinic's Facebook page: no posts since December 2022 and no prices, which confirms the prices recorded as not published. |
| 2026-09-25 | Re-read on 2026-09-25: the clinic's website (all 219 pages in its sitemap: services, implants FAQ, blog posts, team and appointment pages) and its Google listing. Recorded: a real staff photo, no separate English site version, no published prices for cleaning, fillings, crowns, implants, consultation or X-rays, a linked Facebook page, no TripAdvisor listing, digital X-ray diagnosis at the Farwaniya branch, extraction and gum surgery among services, an appointment form with date and branch selection, service pages with real explanatory content, and business-entity structured data. Google rating 4.5 from 228 reviews, newest 2026-09-16. Still unverified: CBCT and pediatric care at this branch, and international-patient policy. |
| 2026-09-03 | Reputation pass 2026-09-03 (browser): the Google Maps place page was reopened on its Reviews tab and reviewRecency, respondsToReviews, recurringComplaints and suspiciousReviewPatterns were assessed for the first time (all four were null). Rating and review count re-read and reconciled against the star histogram. |
| 2026-09-03 | Kuwait top-up 2026-09-03: price transparency assessed -- tijandental.com publishes no price list; pricesPublished set to false (was unassessed). |
| 2026-09-02 | Live re-verification 2026-09-02: Google rating/review count and geo coordinates recorded from a live Maps place URL; aiVisibility.* recorded from 5 canonical Google search queries for Farwaniya. |
| 2026-09-02 | Initial data collection for the Kuwait Dental Transparency & Trust Index. |
A question or a correction?
Have a question, a suggestion, or a correction to this page? Get in touch — we read every message. Verified data corrections are reviewed against sources and applied with a public change-history entry.